Abstract
This study evaluates the environmental, economic, and social impacts of green roofs and walls in urban centers in Nigeria, focusing on Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys, in-depth interviews, direct observations, and document analysis, with a total sample size of 866 respondents. The findings indicate significant environmental benefits, including reductions in urban heat island effects and improvements in air quality. Economically, green roofs and walls contribute to notable energy savings, increased property values, and extended lifespan of roofing materials. Socially, these infrastructures enhance mental well-being and foster community engagement. However, the study also identifies substantial challenges to adoption, such as high initial installation costs and technical maintenance difficulties. Despite these barriers, the positive perceptions and reported benefits suggest a strong potential for green roofs and walls to contribute to sustainable urban development in Nigeria. Comparative analysis with global case studies reveals that the benefits observed in Nigerian cities are consistent with international findings. The study underscores the need for targeted policy interventions, financial incentives, and public awareness campaigns to overcome the identified barriers. By addressing these challenges, it is possible to harness the full potential of green roofs and walls, contributing to more sustainable and livable urban environments in Nigerian cities.