Affiliation:
1. University of Delhi
2. Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University
Abstract
Abstract
The present work aims the application of extremely hazardous
and life-threatening soot particles released to environment from
different industrial processes. These soot materials are proposed
as potential source of functionalized nano carbons for
energy storage application. In this work, soot samples were
collected from various sources namely automobile emission,
agricultural/forest waste and industrial works; and were chemically
activated using KOH to obtain heteroatom functionalized activated
carbons (i.e. activated coal soot (ACS), activated diesel soot
(ADS) and activated wood soot (AWS) respectively) exhibiting large
BET surface area (~ 846 m2 g− 1).
Morphological investigations (FESEM and HRTEM) reveals formation of
interconnected granular aggregates exhibiting enormous
inter-particle meso/microporous channels significant for
electrolyte passage and lowering charge-transfer resistance.
Structural characterizations (XRD, FTIR and Raman spectra) justify
these soots having activated graphitic structures enriched with
oxygen-based functionalities (e.g. -COOH, -OH,
C6H5OH etc.) that impart hydrophilic
character and excellent pseudocapacitive properties.
Electrochemical measurements in 1 M H2SO4
affirm high capacitance values (361–440 F g− 1 at 5 mV
s− 1) for soot-based electrodes bestowed by high surface
area in addition to meso/microporous structure. Nevertheless,
AWS║AWS cell demonstrates remarkable stability over 5000 cycles at
50 mV s− 1 owing to high carbon enriched moiety relative
to ADS║ADS and ACS║ACS supercapacitors which further illustrate
greater activation of electrode materials during charge/discharge
caused by high content of pseudocapacitive functionalities.
Variations in electrochemistry can be attributed to structural
organizations of the activated soot particles and variable
percentage of heteroatoms in their carbon lattices which govern
overall ‘EDL plus pseudo’ performances.
Publisher
Research Square Platform LLC
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