Detection of pharmaceutically active compounds in tap water samples by direct injection HPLC/MS-MS: A danger signal in deficiency in residue management.

Author:

Peregrina-Lucano Alejandro Aarón1,Mendoza-Michel Judith2,Rodríguez-Arreola Ariana1,Peña-Velasco Gabriela3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Universidad de Guadalajara

2. Universidad Antropológica de Guadalajara

3. Universidad Politécnica de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara

Abstract

Abstract The growing and decelerated presence of pharmaceutically active compounds that affect networks of tap water is further studied due to the risks to the health public and the environment. Therefore, a direct injection-HPLC/MS-MS method is developed for the simultaneous determination of 16 active pharmaceutical compounds in tap water samples: amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, cyproterone, erythromycin, flutamide, spironolactone, sulfamethoxazole, tamoxifen, and trimethoprim. The implemented method obtained limits of detection (LOD) of 0.3 – 15 µg/L and quantification limits (LOQ) from 1.5 to 50 µg/L, recoveries percentages in the range of 70 - 125%, time retentions ≤ 2.1 min and allowed the analysis of 22 tap water samples where the highest concentrations corresponding to amoxicillin (147 µg/L) and ciprofloxacin (44 µg/L). The findings in this research could be a precedent for establishing safe levels of these compounds and increasing the standards for quality tap water.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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