Management of Pancreatic and Duodenal Trauma in Childhood: A University Hospital Experience Over a Ten-Year Period

Abstract

Abstract Purpose Duodenal/pancreatic injuries occur in less than 10% of intra-abdominal injuries in pediatric blunt trauma. Isolated duodenal/pancreatic injuries occur in two-thirds of cases, while combined injuries occur in the remaining. This study aimed to investigate pediatric patients with pancreatic and duodenal trauma. Methods Data from 31 patients admitted to Atatürk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Surgery for pancreatic/duodenal trauma between 2010–2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Age/gender, province of origin, duration before hospital admission, trauma type, injured organs, injury severity, diagnostic & therapeutic modalities, complications, hospitalization duration, blood transfusion requirement, and mortality rate were recorded. Results 24 patients were male, and 7 were female. The mean age was 9 years. The leading cause was bicycle accidents, with 12 cases, followed by traffic accidents/bumps, with 7 cases each. Comorbid organ injuries accompanied 18 cases. Duodenal trauma was most commonly accompanied by liver injuries (4/8), whereas pancreatic injury by pulmonary injuries (7/23). Serum amylase at initial hospital presentation was elevated in 83.9% of the patients. 30 patients underwent abdominal CT, and FAST was performed in 20. While 54.8% of the patients were conservatively managed, 45.2% underwent surgery. Conclusion Because of the anatomical proximity of the pancreas and the duodenum, both organs should be considered being co-affected by a localized trauma. Radiologic confirmation of perforation in duodenal trauma, and an intra-abdominal pancreatic pseudocyst in pancreatic trauma, are the most critical surgical indications of pancreaticoduodenal trauma. Conservative management’s success is increased in the absence of duodenal perforation and cases of non-symptomatic pancreatic pseudocyst.