Bioinformatics-Based Identification of Tumor Immune Invasion- Related prognostic Biomarkers in pancreatic cancer

Abstract

Abstract Background: The diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) remain clinically challenging, and new molecular markers for prognostic assessment and targeted therapy are urgently needed. The tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune invasion play an important role in pancreatic cancer development and progression. Therefore, immunotherapeutic strategies based on the TME and immune invasion may have important clinical value. Methods: In this study, We extracted transcriptome and clinicopathological data for 179 PAAD samples from the TCGA database and evaluated the immune composition, stromal composition, and infiltrating immune cell landscape in the tumor samples using the Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in malignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) and CIBERSORT algorithms. Then, we identified relevant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and performed functional annotation and prognostic correlation analysis to identify prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. Finally, the correlation between biomarkers and tumor immune invasion was analyzed to reveal the molecular immune mechanism of pancreatic cancer. Results: As the results, we discovered The immune score, stromal score and ESTIMATE score were correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with PAAD, The results of DEGs, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cox regression analyses confirmed that CXCL10 and CXCL11 were clinically relevant prognostic factors involved in the PAAD TME and that the content and activity of various immune cells were correlated with the expression levels of CXCL10 and CXCL11, CXCL10 and CXCL11 are novel biomarkers of the TME and immune cell infiltration in pancreatic cancer Conclusions: This study systematically elucidates the possible immune-related molecular mechanisms of pancreatic cancer for the first time. It also provides prognostic clues for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, thus providing assistance for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.