Comparative Evaluation of Prevention of Demineralization of Artificial Enamel Caries Treated with 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish, Fluoride Varnish Containing CPP-ACP and 38% SDF in Primary Teeth: An in Vitro Study

Abstract

Abstract Background This study aimed to compare the effect of a 5% sodium Fluoride (NaF) varnish (Clinpro TM white varnish), Fluoride varnish containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (MI varnish), and 38% Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in preventing demineralization of treated white spot lesions (WSLs) in enamel of primary teeth. Methods Forty-eight primary molars with WSLs were allocated into four groups. Group 1 received 5% NaF, group 2 received MI varnish, group 3 received SDF, and group 4 control (no treatment). After pH cycling, the mineral content of specimens was evaluated by Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDX) and the lesions depth was assessed via a polarized light microscope (PLM). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results Statistically significant differences in lesion depth and mineral content were observed among all groups (p < 0.001). The highest value in lesion depth was found in the control group (576.69 ± 42.66), followed by SDF (293.32 ± 46.82), then Clinpro™ white varnish (285.43 ± 44.70), while the lowest value was found in MI varnish (226.23 ± 44.25). Meanwhile, MI varnish showed the significantly highest mean calcium ion content, and Ca/P, followed by Clinpro ™, SDF, and the control group. Conclusions MI varnish containing CPP-ACP performed better than Clinpro TM white varnish, and SDF in preventing demineralization of early enamel carious lesions in primary teeth.