Analysis of Perception of Gender Bias among Teaching Hospital Residents by Gender and Specialty: Insight from Medical Education in South Korea

Abstract

Abstract Background: Despite increasing numbers of female medical students, there is still a significant under-representation of women in most surgical specialties. Female doctors often face sexism in various aspects of their professional lives, including selection processes, communication, leadership opportunities and promotion. This study aims to examine the extent of the perceptions of gender bias among medical residents in different specialties, and to identify the components that influence the perception of gender bias. Methods: This study surveyed 112 residents in two teaching hospitals in South Korea to assess their perceptions of gender bias within their respective specialties. Responses were collected using a questionnaire designed specifically for this study. Results were analyzed based on several components, including career choices and pathways, professional dynamics, roles and interactions, and work-life disparities. Results: The study revealed a significant difference in perceptions of gender bias between male and female residents. In particular, male residents showed significantly higher scores in career choices and pathways, roles and interactions, disparities in work and life compared to their female counterpart. Medical and surgical residents showed a greater discrepancy in the perceptions of gender bias compared to clinical support residents. Conclusions: Several components contribute to the perceptions of gender bias between male and female residents and between different specialties. It is crucial to develop targeted strategies for each identified component and specialty. Efforts should be made to integrate gender education throughout the medical education continuum, from undergraduate to professional levels. By addressing these components and implementing comprehensive educational initiatives, we can work towards a more equitable and inclusive environment for future physicians.