Association of Polygenic Score and the involvement of Cholinergic and Glutamatergic Pathways with Lithium Treatment Response in Patients with Bipolar Disorder

Author:

Amare Azmeraw1ORCID,Thalamuthu Anbupalam2,Schubert Klaus Oliver3ORCID,Fullerton Janice4ORCID,Ahmed Muktar,Hartmann Simon,Papiol Sergi5ORCID,Heilbronner Urs6ORCID,Degenhardt Franziska7,Tekola-Ayele Fasil,Hou Liping8,Hsu Yi-Hsiang,Shekhtman Tatyana9,Adli Mazda10,Akula Nirmala,Akiyama Kazufumi11,Ardau Raffaella12,Arias Bárbara13,Aubry Jean-Michel14,Backlund Lena,Bhattacharjee Abesh Kumar9,Bellivier Frank15,Benabarre Antoni16,Bengesser Susanne17,Biernacka Joanna18ORCID,Birner Armin17,Marie-Claire Cynthia19ORCID,Cervantes Pablo20,Chen Hsi-Chung21ORCID,Chillotti Caterina,Cichon Sven22ORCID,Cruceanu Cristiana23ORCID,Czerski Piotr24ORCID,Dalkner Nina17,Zompo Maria Del25ORCID,DePaulo J. Raymond26,Etain Bruno27ORCID,Jamain Stéphane28ORCID,Falkai Peter5,Forstner Andreas J.29ORCID,Frisén Louise30,Frye Mark18ORCID,Gard Sébastien31,Garnham JulieORCID,Goes Fernando32ORCID,Grigoroiu-Serbanescu Maria33ORCID,Fallgatter Andreas34,Stegmaier Sophia34,Ethofer Thomas35,Biere Silvia35,Petrova Kristiyana35,Schuster Ceylan35,Adorjan Kristina,Budde Monika36,Heilbronner Maria35,Kalman Janos37ORCID,Kohshour Mojtaba Oraki37,Reich-Erkelenz Daniela38,Schaupp Sabrina35,Schulte Eva6ORCID,Senner Fanny38,Vogl Thomas35,Anghelescu Ion-George,Arolt Volker,Dannlowski Udo,Dietrich Detlef E.,Figge Christian,Jäger Markus,Lang Fabian,Juckel Georg39,Spitzer Carsten,Reimer Jens,Schmauß Max,Schmitt Andrea40,Konrad Carsten,von Hagen Martin,Wiltfang Jens41ORCID,Zimmermann Jörg,Andlauer Till42ORCID,Fischer Andre43,Bermpohl Felix44,Kraft Vivien,Matura Silke45,Gryaznova Anna,Falkenberg Irina,Yildiz Cüneyt,Kircher Tilo,Schmidt Julia,Koch Marius,Gade Katrin,Trost Sarah,Haußleiter Ida,Lambert Martin,Rohenkohl Anja C.,Kraft Vivien46ORCID,Grof Paul47,Hashimoto Ryota,Hauser JoannaORCID,Herms Stefan,Hoffmann Per48,Jiménez Esther,Kahn Jean-Pierre,Kassem Layla,kuo Po-Hsiu49ORCID,Kato Tadafumi,Kelsoe John,Kittel-Schneider Sarah50ORCID,Ferensztajn-Rochowiak Ewa,König Barbara51,Kusumi Ichiro52ORCID,Laje Gonzalo,Landén Mikael53ORCID,Lavebratt Catharina54ORCID,Leboyer MarionORCID,Leckband Susan G.55,Tortorella Alfonso56ORCID,Manchia Mirko,Martinsson Lina,McCarthy Michael55ORCID,McElroy Susan L.57,Colom Francesc58,Mitjans Marina59,Mondimore Francis26,Monteleone Palmiero60,Nievergelt Caroline,Nöthen Markus61ORCID,Novak TomasORCID,O'Donovan Claire62,Ozaki Norio60,Pfennig Andrea63,Pisanu Claudia25ORCID,Potash James,Reif Andreas64ORCID,Reininghaus EvaORCID,Rouleau Guy47ORCID,Rybakowski Janusz K.24,Schalling Martin54ORCID,Schofield Peter4ORCID,Schweizer Barbara W.26,Severino Giovanni25ORCID,Shilling Paul D60,Shimoda KazutakaORCID,Simhandl Christian,Slaney Claire,Squassina Alessio65ORCID,Stamm Thomas10,Stopkova Pavla8ORCID,Maj Mario66,Turecki Gustavo47ORCID,Vieta Eduard16ORCID,Veeh Julia67,Witt Stephanie68ORCID,Wright Adam2,Zandi Peter69ORCID,Mitchell Philip,Bauer Michael,Alda Martin62ORCID,Rietschel Marcella70ORCID,McMahon Francis71ORCID,Schulze Thomas G.72,Millischer Vincent18ORCID,Clark Scott3ORCID,Baune Bernhard73

Affiliation:

1. University of Adelaide, AUSTRALIA

2. University of New South Wales

3. University of Adelaide

4. Neuroscience Research Australia

5. University Hospital LMU

6. University Hospital, LMU Munich

7. University of Bonn

8. National Institute of Mental Health

9. University of California San Diego

10. Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte

11. Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine

12. Hospital University Agency of Cagliari

13. Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM

14. Geneva University Hospitals

15. Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-F. Widal

16. Hospital Clinic of Barcelona

17. Medical University of Graz

18. Mayo Clinic

19. INSERM UMR-S 1144

20. McGill University Health Centre

21. National Taiwan University Hospital

22. Research Center Juelich

23. Max Plank Institute for Psychiatry

24. Poznan University of Medical Sciences

25. University of Cagliari

26. Johns Hopkins University

27. Inserm U955, Psychiatry Genetics

28. Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB

29. University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn

30. Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital

31. Hôpital Charles Perrens

32. fgoes1@jhmi.edu

33. Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital

34. University of Tuebingen

35. University Hospital Tübingen

36. Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich

37. Ludwig Maximillians Universitat Muenchen

38. Klinikum der Universität München

39. Ruhr University Bochum

40. Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich

41. Universitätsmedizin Göttingen

42. Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar

43. University of Goettingen, Germany

44. Berlin School of Mind & Brain

45. Goethe University Frankfurt/M.

46. University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf

47. McGill University

48. Institute of Human Genetics

49. College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

50. University Hospital of Würzburg

51. Landesklinikum Neunkirchen

52. Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine

53. Gothenburg University

54. Karolinska Institutet

55. VA San Diego Healthcare System

56. University of Naples SUN, University of Perugia

57. Lindner Center of Hope / University of Cincinnati

58. Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques

59. Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany

60. University of Salerno

61. School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn

62. Dalhousie University

63. University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden

64. University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany

65. Universita degli Studi Di Cagliari

66. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples

67. University Hospital Frankfurt

68. University Medical Centre Mannheim

69. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

70. University of Mannheim

71. National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program; National Institutes of Health

72. Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich

73. The University of Munster

Abstract

Abstract Lithium is regarded as the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), a severe and disabling mental disorder that affects about 1% of the population worldwide. Nevertheless, lithium is not consistently effective, with only 30% of patients showing a favorable response to treatment. To provide personalized treatment options for bipolar patients, it is essential to identify prediction biomarkers such as polygenic scores. In this study, we developed a polygenic score for lithium treatment response (Li+PGS) in patients with BD. To gain further insights into lithium's possible molecular mechanism of action, we performed a genome-wide gene-based analysis. Using polygenic score modeling, via methods incorporating Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors, Li+PGS was developed in the International Consortium of Lithium Genetics cohort (ConLi+Gen: N=2,367) and replicated in the combined PsyCourse (N=89) and BipoLife (N=102) studies. The associations of Li+PGS and lithium treatment response — defined in a continuous ALDA scale and a categorical outcome (good response vs. poor response) were tested using regression models, each adjusted for the covariates: age, sex, and the first four genetic principal components. Statistical significance was determined at P<����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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