Association between tooth loss and frailty among Chinese older adults: The mediating role of dietary diversity

Abstract

Abstract Background This study aimed to examine the association between tooth loss and frailty among Chinese older adults and the mediating role of dietary diversity in this association. Methods Data from five waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2005–2018) were used in this study. Multilevel generalized structural equation models were used to assess the relationship between tooth loss and frailty index, and the mediation effect of dietary diversity. Results Severe tooth loss was associated with frailty among Chinese older adults after adjusting for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, family support, and healthy lifestyles (OR = 1.495, p < 0.001), indicating that a higher level of tooth loss was associated with more frailty among older Chinese. When dietary diversity was added in the model, the OR of severe tooth loss decreased from 1.495 to 1.470 but remained significant. GSEM verified that 5.4% of the association between tooth loss and frailty was mediated by dietary diversity. Conclusions This study improve current knowledge regarding the impact of tooth loss on frailty among Chinese older adults. Future intervention strategies designed to improve healthy diet may have preventive effect against the risk of frailty among Chinese older adults with severe tooth loss.