Association Between Depression and the Risk of Osteoporosis of the United States Adult Population: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Abstract Background Adults frequently experience depression and osteoporosis as mental diseases. lt is yet unknown, nevertheless, how depression affects one's risk for osteoporosis. Therefore, this article aims to investigate the relationship between depression and osteoporosis in the United States adult population. Methods The study was based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. We applied the logistic regression model to examine the association between depression and osteoporosis adjusting for confounders, and stratified regression analysis was conducted to identify specific populations. Results The study, which included 6153 participants, consisting of the control group (n = 5726) and the osteoporosis group (n = 432). Compared with individuals who do not have osteoporosis, those who have osteoporosis have a higher incidence of depression (10.7% vs 6.6%, P = 0.002). Additionally, individuals with depression are more likely to also have osteoporosis (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.29, P = 0.010). On subgroup analysis, there were higher odds ratio of osteoporosis in males (OR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.21 to 5.05, P = 0.013), individuals between the ages of 50 to 65 are also at a greater risk (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.25 to 3.74, P = 0.006), high BMI (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.64, P = 0.027), taking prednisone or cortisone(OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.06 to 8.05, P = 0.039), and patients with high cholesterol levels (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.36 to 3.35, P = 0.001). Conclusion Therefore, doctors should pay attention to the osteoporosis of middle-aged and elderly people with depression. At the same time, one should be cautious about the increased risk of fractures associated with this.