Feeding habits and preferences of southern gelada (Theropithecus gelada obscurus, Heuglin 1863) in Abune Yoesf Zigit Community Conservation Area, northern Ethiopia

Abstract

Abstract Background Geladas are mainly found in afro-alpine grasslands and rocky terrains across different provinces in Ethiopia, ranging in altitude from 1,800 to 4,400 meters above sea level. They mainly feed on graminoids, forb leaves, forb roots, corms, and other resources. Despite regional variations in feeding behaviors, there has been no prior scientific study in the Abune Yosef Zigit Community Conservation Area. Therefore, this study focuses on investigating the dietary composition and preferences of southern geladas in this specific conservation area. Results On average, Southern geladas consumed a total of 22 plants, three insect species, and unidentified tubers. Their diet embraced approximately 55.11% forbs, 41.71% graminoids, 1.61% insects, and 1.59% unidentified tubers. Festuca richardii (12.55%) and Rumex nepalensis(10.80%) emerged as the top two preferred fodder species. Its dietary preference are notably impacted by the availability of plants and the frequency of utilization (P≤0.05). Conclusion The dietary patterns of Southern gelada in the Abune Yosef area reveal distinctive features in its food composition, characterized by a predominant consumption of forbs, grasses, and tubers. In contrast to regional comparisons highlighting a reduced diversity of consumed plant species, the persistence of a consistent diet throughout both dry and wet seasons emphasizes a level of dietary stability within this primate population. Festuca richardii stands out as the most desired diet for geladas, suggesting that supporting its plantation could be beneficial to increase its availability.