Mediating role of pain self-efficacy in the relationship between sense of coherence, spiritual well-being and self-compassion with quality of life in iranian elderly with cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Abstract Background: Population ageing is considered one of the biggest challenges facing the world, and the status of the elderly in society and their quality of life (QOL) have proved to be a concern in professional and scientific research circles. As a result, the current study sought to investigate the role of pain self-efficacy (PSE) as a moderator in the relationship between sense of coherence (SOC), spiritual well-being, and self-compassion with QOL in Iranian elderly with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Method: This was a correlational study of the path analysis type. The statistical population included all elderly people with CVD who were at least 60 years of age in Kermanshah Province, Iran, in 2022, of whom 298 (181 men and 117 women) were selected using convenience sampling and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants answered questionnaires from the World Health Organization on QOL, Paloutzian and Ellison’s spiritual well-being, Nicholas’s PSE, Antonovsky’s SOC, and Raes et al.’s self-compassion. Results: The results of path analysis demonstrated that the hypothesised model of this study has a good fit in the studied sample. In this way, SOC, spiritual well-being, and self-compassion had a significant relationship with QOL through PSE. Conclusion: These results emphasise the importance of the role of PSE in increasing the quality of life of the elderly with CVD.