Abstract
Background:
Consanguinity, defined as marriage between individuals sharing a common ancestor, has been associated with an increased risk of autosomal recessive diseases. The practice of consanguinity varies globally, with high prevalence in Middle Eastern countries. Understanding the prevalence and societal attitudes towards consanguineous marriages, particularly in regions where it is prevalent, is crucial for public health interventions.
This study evaluates the current prevalence of consanguinity in Lebanon and its contributing risk factors. It also assesses the knowledge of the Lebanese population towards this practice and premarital genetic screening. Moreover, the attitude of the participants regards consanguinity and genetic counseling is ascertained.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 984 Lebanese individuals aged 18 to 65 using an online self-administered questionnaire that included data on participants’ sociodemographic variables, knowledge level of consanguinity and premarital genetic screening, as well as questions assessing the attitudes towards consanguinity and genetic counseling.
Results:
The prevalence of consanguinity in Lebanon was found to be 24.5%, with first-cousin marriages comprising 46.5% of these unions; place of residence was the only independent factors affecting consanguinity prevalence among our sample. Most participants had a good understanding of consanguinity but misconceptions about specific genetic risks persisted. Attitudes varied, with participants from consanguineous backgrounds showing greater acceptance of the practice. Logistic regression identified gender, education, occupational status, and age as independent predictors of consanguinity while insufficient income, having consanguineous parents, and having a poor knowledge were associated with a positive attitude towards consanguinity.
Conclusion:
While the consanguinity rate remains high and consistent over time, societal beliefs and cultural practices continue to influence this phenomenon. Public health interventions should focus on raising awareness and disseminating accurate information about the implications of consanguinity and the importance of genetic counseling, particularly among communities with high rates of consanguinity.