Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary stenosis (PS) is a common congenital heart disease that obstructs the blood flow from the right ventricle (RV) to the pulmonary artery (PA). Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty is the first-line treatment for this disease, and the outcomes depending on the anatomical characteristics of the right ventricle (RV) and the pulmonary artery (PA).
Objectives: To conduct an epidemiological study, investigate the circumstances of pulmonary stenosis diagnosis, evaluate the diagnostic role of Doppler echocardiography, and determine the therapeutic role of interventional treatment.
Methods: This descriptive retrospective study involved patients with PS followed in the functional exploration department of Mohammed VI University hospital of Marrakech between March 2024 and June 2024.
Results: Three patients were included. The mean age was 21 years (ranging from 2 to 44 years), and the mean weight was 40,6 kg (ranging from 17 kg to 55 kg). The mean intervention time was 35 months (ranging from 15 days to 9 months after diagnosis). The presenting symptoms were dyspnea with paroxysmal palpitations in two patients and feeding difficulty in one patient. All patients had an ejection systolic murmur in pulmonary area. One patient showed right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and right atrial hypertrophy (RAH) on the electrocardiogram. The PA-RV gradient decreased from an average of 99 mmHg before dilatation to 30 mmHg after dilatation. The RV pressure decreased from an average of 113 mmHg to 57 mmHg. Balloon dilatation was successfully performed in all patients, with the saturation increasing from an average of 93% to 97%. The “dome sprayer” appearance of the pulmonary valves was observed in all patients, with a dysplastic appearance in one patient. Three patients experienced complications: two with moderate pulmonary insufficiency and one with anesthesia-related bronchospasm, which resolved favorably.
Conclusion: Percutaneous balloon treatment for pulmonary stenosis is a safe and effective alternative with few complications and good immediate results.