Study on Kinematic Structure Performance and Machining Characteristics of Machine Tools

Abstract

Abstract The rigidity and natural frequency of machine tools considerably influence cutting and generate great forces when in contact with the workpiece. The poor static rigidity of these machines can cause deformations and destroy the workpiece. If the natural frequency of the machines is low or close to the commonly used cutting frequency, they vibrate considerably, resulting in poor workpiece surfaces and thus shortening the lifespan of the tool. In this study, the finite element method was mainly used to analyze the structure, static force, modal, frequency spectrum, and transient state of machine tools. The results of the state analysis were verified and compared to the experimental results. The analysis model and conditions were modified to ensure that the analysis results were consistent with the experimental results. Multi-body dynamics analyses were conducted by examining the force of each component and casting of the machine tools and the load of the motor during the cutting stroke. Moreover, an external force was applied to simulate the load condition of the motor when the machine tool is cutting to confirm the feed. In this study, we used topology optimization for effective structural optimization designs. The optimal conditions for topology optimization included lightweight structures, which resulted in reduced structural deformation and increased natural frequency.