Global burden of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels

Abstract

Abstract A comprehensive report on the global burden of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is currently unavailable. Here we assess G6PD deficiency burden and trends by analyzing data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, including the number and age-standardized rate of incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) from 1990 to 2019. Globally, there were increased trends in incident, prevalent and YLDs cases, the global ASIR and ASPR also increased during this period. Females had a greater burden of YLDs compared to males. In low and low-middle Social Development Index (SDI) regions, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, experienced higher ASPR and age-standardized YLDs rate (ASYR). India had the highest incident and prevalent number of G6PD deficiency. Malaysia showed the pronounced decreases in ASPR and ASYR. The highest and lowest ASYRs were observed at SDI values of 0.41 and 0.84, respectively. Together, G6PD deficiency continues to pose a heavy public health burden. Low and low-middle SDI regions need to allocate more efforts towards primary prevention to reduce its high burden.