Enhancing Biometric Characters of Perennial Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Treated by Potassium Silicate and Vinasse Grown under Greenhouse Conditions

Abstract

Abstract Greenhouses are essential for ensuring a steady supply of high-quality vegetables like peppers, addressing global food security. Producers rely on innovative biostimulants to enhance plant growth in these controlled environments for cultivating crops effectively. This study aimed to investigate the impact of potassium silicate (PS) and vinasse treatments on the yield and biochemical constituents of perennial pepper plants cultivated in greenhouse conditions. For two consecutive seasons [2018/2019 and 2019/2020], pepper plants were sprayed by PS (0, 0.5, and 1 g/l) and drenched by vinasse (0, 1, 2, and 3 l/m3). To estimate the impact of PS and vinasse on the growth, yield, and biochemical constituents of pepper plants, fresh and dry biomasses, potential fruit yield, and some biochemical constituents were evaluated. Results revealed that 0.5 g/l of PS coupled with vinasse at 3 l/m³ generated the most remarkable enhancements in terms of plant biomasses, total leaf area, total yield, and fruit weight across both growing seasons. The implementation of vinasse at 3 l/m³ with 0.5 and 1 g/l of PS showcased the most pronounced augmentation in leaf contents encompassing chlorophyll index, nitrogen, and potassium, alongside improved fruit quality of total soluble solid and ascorbic acid contents. By leveraging these strategies, growers can significantly enhance plant growth potential, ultimately maximizing the production of superior sweet peppers.