A general model for thermodynamic properties of fluid mixtures based on Helmholtz energy formulations for the components. Virial expansion and reduction to van der Waals mixing rules.

Abstract

Abstract Over the recent decades, Helmholtz energy formulations became available for a broad range of fluids. These multiparameter equations of state [R. Span, Springer 2000] allow computation of thermodynamic properties essentially within the experimental errorbars. Corresponding states-based model by Lemmon and Tillner-Roth [Fluid Phase Equilib. 165, 1 (1999)] enabled construction of Helmholtz energy formulations for mixtures. However, we show that this model generates a non-physical dependence of virial coefficients on composition, which can be strong when the components are dissimilar. We propose a new mixture model that overcomes this deficiency. It has two main ingredients: (i.) Quadratic mixing of ``Helmholtz volumities''. This quantity with units of molar volume is introduced as a ratio of the molar residual Helmholtz energy to a product of gas constant, thermodynamic temperature, and molar density. It reduces to the second virial coefficient in the zero-density limit. Helmholtz volumities are considered for components and ``cross-components'', hypothetic fluids representing the binary interactions. (ii.) Replacing the variables -- reduced reciprocal temperatures and reduced densities -- with temperature and density scaling functions. Different scaling functions can be used for different components and cross-components, thus providing a highly flexible framework for representing the properties of mixtures. The scaling functions must be expandable into Taylor series in terms of molar concentrations in the zero-density limit. For the proposed mixture model, we develop formulas for computing virial coefficients up to the fourth order. Furthermore, we show that when the proposed mixture model is applied to a cubic equation of state, the conventional van der Waals mixing rules can be retrieved. These findings allow to consider the new model as a viable alternative to the corresponding states method of modeling thermodynamic properties of fluid mixtures.