The Effects of a Newly-Produced Probiotic Mouthwash on The Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Resin-Based Restorative Materials and Enamel: An AFM Study

Abstract

Abstract Background The effects of probiotics on the surface roughness and microhardness of resin composite and tooth enamel are unclear. Accordingly, this study documents the effects of a probiotic mouthwash and kefir on the surface roughness and microhardness of different restorative materials and permanent and deciduous teeth enamels. Methods Thirty disc-shaped specimens were prepared from composite resin, compomer, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Enamel sections were prepared from 30 permanent and deciduous human teeth crowns. All specimens were then divided into three groups and kept in kefir, a new probiotic mouthwash, and distilled water for 14 days. The mean surface roughness values of all specimens were then evaluated with an atomic force microscope, while mean surface microhardness was evaluated using a Vickers hardness measuring device. The data were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the mean surface roughness of the groups treated with probiotic mouthwashes and the control groups (p > 0.05). However, the mean surface roughness of resin-modified glass ionomer cement was statistically significantly higher in all solution groups (p < 0.05). The probiotic mouthwashes significantly reduced the surface microhardness of the permanent and deciduous teeth (p < 0.05). Conclusion Frequent consumption of probiotic mouthwashes may affect the surface roughness and microhardness of different restorative materials and teeth. The clinicians should consider the effect of consumption by patients of these mouthwashes.