A strategic European roadmap for the effective implementation of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework in steppe ecosystems

Abstract

Abstract The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) envisions a world living in harmony with nature by 2050, with 23 intermediate targets to be achieved by 2030. However, aligning international policy and local implementation of effective actions can be challenging. Using steppe birds, one of the most threatened vertebrate groups in Europe, as a model system, we identified 36 conservation actions for the achievement of the KM-GBF targets and single out – through an expert-based consensus approach – ten priority actions for immediate implementation. Three of these priority actions address at least five of the first eight KM-GBF targets, those related to the direct causes of biodiversity loss, and collectively cover all the targets when implemented concurrently. These actions include i) effectively protecting priority areas, ii) implementing on-the-ground habitat management actions, and iii) improving the quality and integration of monitoring programs. Our findings provide a blueprint for implementing effective strategies to halt biodiversity loss in steppe-like ecosystems. Our approach can be adapted to other taxonomic groups and ecosystems and has the potential to serve as a catalyst for policy makers, prompting a transition from political commitment to tangible actions, thereby facilitating the attainment of the KM-GBF targets by 2030.