Three-Dimensional Heat Maps and Distribution of Pilon Fractures

Author:

Gao Yuling1,Liu Yang1,Zhou Junlin2

Affiliation:

1. Affiliated Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University

2. Capital Medical University

Abstract

Abstract Background: This study aimed to create three-dimensional heat maps of pilon fractures for assessing the distribution of the fractures. Methods: The study included 144 patients (145 fractures) diagnosed with pilon fractures between January 2017 to December 2021. CT scan was performed in all patients. Based on the AO/OTA classification, the fractures were divided into 6 types (B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, and C3). These fractures were allocated in 7 areas and 3 columns on the distal articular surface of the tibia. All fractures were converted to the standard tibial model to create heat maps. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant Results:Pilon fractures involve the anterior talofibular ligament area (23%), the fibular notch area(11%), anterior median area(22%), and anterior area of the medial malleolus (18%), malleolus sulcus area (15%), medial malleolus area (7%), posterior malleolus (7%) , posterior talofibular ligament area (6%). There was a significant difference in the proportion of 3 columns based on the AO/OTA classification (P<0.05), and the proportion of the posterior column was least, with an average value of 0.236. Conclusions:Three-dimensional heat maps of pilon fractures are successfully created. Most pilon fractures are type C3 fractures based on the AO/OTA classification. Pilon fractures mainly affect the anterolateral column of the tibia, with less involvement of the posterolateral column. Based on the heat maps, pilon fractures mainly affect the anterior talofibular ligament area, fibular notch area, anterior border of the tibia, and malleolus sulcus area. Level of Confidence: IIIa

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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