Relational security as the core of the security framework: the interplay with physical- and procedural security and the broader institutional context

Abstract

Abstract Background Given the developmental vulnerability of justice-involved youth, providing a safe environment in secure facilities is a paramount, yet challenging task. Therefore, a sound security framework is crucial. Existing knowledge emphasizes the importance of a shift in focus on physical- and procedural security towards relational security. At the same time there is a lack of knowledge on relational security, particularly in the context of youth justice. This paper explores: 1) How relational security, as the core of the security framework, relates to physical- and procedural security; 2) What are organizational determinants for effective relational security as the core of the security framework? Method This paper is based on findings of a three-year evaluation of three small-scaled, community-embedded facilities that are grounded in relational security. The approach of the evaluation was derived from action research: a cyclic process alternating between action, research and critical reflection, including a total of 63 semi-structured interviews with staff, youth and parents. Results The security framework is a systemic model: all three forms of security (relational, physical, procedural) need to be in place. Staff, youth and parents describe several mechanism that direct how these three security dimensions may be appropriately balanced attuned to youth’s individual needs and strengths. In addition various determinants at different organizational levels were identified: target population, suited professionals, team collaboration, group composition, activities, method and institutional policies, organization vision and culture, facility design, stakeholder network, and legislation and politics. Conclusion Relational security can be defined in a practical conceptualization within the dynamics of the security framework; outlining a vision, way of working and the conducive conditions for implementation.