Understanding the Impact of Vitamin B12 Deficiency on the Nervous System in the Population of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background Cobalamin, also referred to as vitamin B12, is important for the proper functioning of the nervous system and the production of red blood cells. An insufficiency of vitamin B12 can result in anemia, peripheral neuropathy, visual impairments, ataxia, and neurological harm. This paper aimed to examine the level of awareness regarding the effects of cobalamin deficiency on the nervous system in the population of Riyadh city. Methods A population-based cross-sectional survey was performed in March 2024 among the residents of Riyadh city. Respondents who were older than 18 years were eligible to participate in the survey. Subjects were contacted through various social media sites and provided with a hyperlink to access the survey questionnaire. Results One thousand three hundred thirty-seven (1337) participants completed the survey. The majority of the patients were female (62.3%). Two-thirds (65.6%) were aware of the importance of vitamin B12. A total of 38.7% indicated knowledge of a food source for vitamin B12. Approximately one-third (29.9%) consumed vitamin B12 supplements. Ultimately, 63.4% of the participants were aware of the consequences of vitamin B12 deficiency. Compared with their male counterparts, females displayed a greater understanding of B12 (P = .0001). Occupation was an important factor; employed individuals and those in 'Other' occupational categories demonstrated greater awareness than did students (P = 0.001). Conclusion This study assessed individuals' knowledge of the significance of vitamin B12, the symptoms associated with vitamin B12 insufficiency, and strategies for its prevention. Consequently, the group being studied showed a notably elevated level of knowledge of B12 deficiency.