Burden of Osteoarthritis in North Africa and Middle East from 1990 to 2019: The Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study

Abstract

Abstract Background Considered the most common form of arthritis worldwide, Osteoarthritis (OA) prevalence has been continually due to the aging population and obesity. Based on the results of the last Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, the North Africa and Middle East (NAME) was reported to have a high OA prevalence, hence the current study aimed to describe the burden and its attributable risk factors. Methods The OA was classified by kellgren Lawrence grading system. The burden (prevalence, incidence, and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs)) and attributable burden (YLDs) to high body-mass index (BMI) were reported based on GBD 2019 globally and for the 21 countries in the region by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Results Globally, the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and YLDs rates were estimated as 6348.3 (95% uncertainty interval 5776.3–7023.0), 492.2 (438.7-551.5), and 228.0 (115.3-452.7) per 100000, respectively. In the NAME region, the prevalence age-standardized rate (ASR) has increased by 9.3% (8.1–10.5) since 1990. Furthermore, the incidence ASR was estimated as 430.4 (382.2-481.9) in 2019 which has increased by 9.4% (8.3–10.5). Also, the YLDs ASR increased 10.0% (8.7–11.4); [185.4 (92.8-370.2) in 2019]. Among NAME countries, Saudi Arabia had the highest ASR followed by Kuwait and Iran in 2019 and Oman showed the highest increase from 1990 to 2019. The regional attributed YLDs increased by 57.6% (42.1–85.2). Conclusion As OA proves to have major public health impacts both globally and in the NAME region, health data and strategies must be improved to control the disease’s burden better.