Abstract
LLLT (low-level laser therapy) covers a wide range of parameters in terms of laser properties and dosage, which is important for its effects. To obtain the desired therapeutic effect of LLLT on cells, it is important to select optimal irradiation conditions. This article focuses on the selection of biostimulating exposure conditions for LLLT, which are the method of beam application, the radiation power and dose, and then the assessment of the immunomodulatory effect of LLLT on resting macrophages of the RAW 264.7 cell line. Irradiation of cells with a pulsed laser beam with a power of 200 mW and a dose of 5 J/cm2 results in an increase in the adhesion and viability of macrophages and increase the secretion of protein, NO by macrophages and their TOS, which may suggest the polarization of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype. On the other hand, a decrease in the secretion TNF-α, MCP-1 and MMP-9 by cells may indicate the polarization of macrophages towards the M2 phenotype. It seems that for an optimal response of resting macrophages, they often share common features of the M1 and M2 phenotypes and that their phenotype should be considered as a spectrum of continuous differentiation under the influence of LLLT.