Utilization of Bottom Ash Waste as Reinforced Columns in Improving the Characteristics of Soft Kaolin Clay

Abstract

Abstract Ground improvement is an effective method of mitigation to improve problematic soils including soft kaolin clay soils. Implementation of industrial wastes such as bottom ash in ground improvement can be cost-effective and environment-friendly. There are several studies conducted on the granular column using the bottom ash column. However, only a few studies have reported findings coherent with the statistical analysis. In this study, the lateral load capacity of bottom ash column-kaolin clay has been conducted. Coherently, the reinforced kaolin clay samples were tested via Particle Size Distribution, Atterberg limit test, Relative Density, Compaction test, Permeability test, Unconfined Compression Test and Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial Test with the single and group encapsulated bottom ash with the geotextile encasement and a prediction model was developed. The effect of a number of columns, column diameter, column height, area replacement ratio, height penetration ratio, height-diameter column ratio, volume replacement ratio and confining pressures on the shear strength of the single and group of encapsulated bottom ash columns have been investigated. The findings showed the effectiveness of using the bottom ash columns to enhance the shear strength of the soil up to 77.00%.