Prevalence and Predictors of Depression among Patients Taking Antiretroviral Drugs in Adama Hospital Medical College, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Abstract

AbstractBackground:Depression is the most frequently detected and avertible mental illness among people with human immunodeficiency syndrome, with two to four times higher rates than general populations. Currently, depression is measured to disturb 350 million people in the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate predictors of depression among patients receiving Antiretroviral drugs.Objective:To assess the prevalence and predictors of depression among people taking Antiretroviral drugs at Adama Hospital Medical College.Methods:Institutional based cross-sectional study was employed from April 01 to September 30, 2021, at Adama Hospital Medical College, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. A total of 420 individuals were selected via a systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected through a face-to-face interview, observation, and document review, then entered into EPI-info Version 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 21. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the relationship between independent variables on the outcome variable. The variable with a p-value of less than 0.25 in the bivariate analysis was further entered into the multivariable analysis to control for potential confounders. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% CI was used to measure association, and the variable with a p-value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 52.4% (95% CI= 47.6-57.1). Employment status [AOR=0.22(95% CI= 0.13-0.36)], the patient’s most recent CD4 count [AOR=6.99 (95% CI=2.81-17.38)], months on ART [AOR=5.05 (95% CI =2.38-10.74)] and chronic non-communicable diseases [AOR=7.90 (95% CI = 4.21-14.85)] were the factors significantly associated with depression among HIV positive patientsConclusion:highest proportion of HIV-positive patients taking ART drugs had depressive symptoms. Employment was found to be preventive while low CD4 count, starting ART therapy recently, and presence of chronic non-communicable diseases were found with increased odds of depression among HIV-positive patients taking ART.