Investigating Arterial Stiffness in Hypertensive Individuals: Insights from Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring and Correlation with Clinical and Laboratory Parameters

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has gained importance for its ability to measure multiple parameters and provide insights into arterial stiffness (AS). This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), 24-hour ABPM, and clinical and laboratory parameters in hypertensive individuals. Methods Hypertensive outpatients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and 24-hour ABPM measurements were obtained using the Mobil-O-Graph device. Statistical analyses, including correlation tests and linear regression, were conducted to identify independent factors associated with PWV. Results A total of 131 participants were included. Patients with elevated blood pressure, higher body mass index, an increased number of antihypertensive agents, older age, diabetes status, higher fasting plasma glucose, elevated serum creatinine, uric acid, and proteinuria exhibited higher PWV values. Conversely, PWV showed negative correlations with estimated glomerular filtration rate and albumin levels. Systolic non-dippers exhibited increased PWV, while no such association was found in diastolic non-dippers. Pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure positively correlated with PWV. Independent determinants of PWV were identified as age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and systolic dipping. Conclusion The influence of the nocturnal dipping pattern on AS varies depending on specific blood pressure components. Increased AS is associated with higher blood pressure levels, impaired renal function, advanced age, higher body mass index, and diabetes. Effective management and control of these factors linked to increased AS are crucial for reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications.