Second-order calibration-assisted excitation-emission matrix fluorescence detection of multi-class mycotoxins in grape, wine and raisin for food safety risk assessment

Abstract

Abstract Mycotoxin risks in grape and its products (wine, raisin) are widely concerned food safety issues, it closely associated with consumers’ health. In this study, an analytical strategy by combining second-order calibration method with excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence detection followed photo derivatization (PD) was explored for rapid and sensitive analysis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA) in grape, raisin and wine. Except simple solvent extraction by ethyl acetate and concentration by vacuum distillation, samples don’t need other complicated treatment steps any more. With the aid of predominant second-order advantages of alternative trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm, ‘pure’ spectra and quantitative signals of targeted mycotoxins can be resolved from the heavily interfered EEM profile of sample even in the presence of spectral overlaps and unknown backgrounds. The recoveries of AFB1, OTA and ZEA in four kinds of samples are in the range of 90–110%, the limits of detection (LODs) were low to 0.1 µg kg− 1, 0.5 µg kg− 1 and 0.8 µg kg− 1, respectively. This analytical strategy may be as an alternative method for improving mycotoxin analysis in complex food matrices and ensuring food safety in grape industry.