Abstract
The emergence of liquid embolic agents has advanced the utilization of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). Unlike the conventional solid embolic agent (gelatin sponge/PVA),which lacks developmental properties and necessitates lipiodol combination for efficacy, leading to a cumbersome two-step embolization process, there is a need for an embolic material capable of carrying imaging effects and displaying favorable cell compatibility to enhance clinical treatment outcomes. Wehave developed a novel liquid embolic material, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylic acid nanogels (PNAs). By blending PNAs with lipiodol using a medical three-way tube, we obtain a thermosensitive lipiodol gel emulsion (TLGE). This material exhibits excellent temperature sensitivity and biocompatibility, with TLGE demonstrating fluidity and X-ray contrast in the decellularized liver model. This embolization technique necessitates only a single injection, allowing for quick mixing and usage, greatly benefiting clinicians. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)facilitates intraoperative imaging, real-time embolization process monitoring, and prevention of inadvertent embolization and arterial leakage, ensuring precise embolization treatment for arterial vessels. Over a 42-day period of embolization of the right renal artery in New Zealand rabbits, there were no instances of vessel recanalization or damage to other target organs. Consequently, this innovative temperature-sensitive material holds substantial promise in TAE surgery.