Association of Coffee and Caffeine Intake with Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Epidemiological Observational Study

Abstract

Abstract Objectives This investigation aimed to examine the correlation between coffee and caffeine intake with the risk of COPD and lung function based on NHANES 2007–2012.Materials and Methods Exposure variables were established as coffee and caffeine consumption, while the risk of COPD and lung function were considered as the outcome variables. Other covariates were deemed potential confounders. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the NHANES to determine a definitive correlation between exposure variables and outcome variables.Results Multivariable regression models revealed positive associations between coffee and caffeine consumption and the risk of COPD and lung function. Subgroup analyses, stratified by sex, DM, hypertension status, and smoking habits, identified potential effect modifiers, as well as infection points from threshold effect examinations.Conclusions The results of this cross-sectional study indicated significant positive associations between coffee and caffeine consumption and the risk of COPD. Additionally, positive associations between exposure variables and FEV1 and FVC were discovered. Among the stratification factors, smoking status exhibited the most potential for modifying effects.