Association between non-dipping blood pressure pattern and different glucometabolic profile during oral glucose tolerance test

Abstract

Abstract It’s known that, a not physiological blood pressure (BP) circadian pattern has been associated with increased risk of organ damage and cardiovascular (CV) event. The aim of this study was to assess the association between circadian BP pattern and glucometabolic phenotypes occurring after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We recruited 810 hypertensive Caucasian patients. All participants underwent to OGTT, laboratory test and 24-hours ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). The analysis of collected data allowed classifying patients based on nocturnal BP profiles into four categories: dippers, non-dippers, extreme dippers, and inverse dippers. Considering the dipping pattern, the proportion of non-dippers in normal glucose tolerance patients with 1-hour glucose ≥ 155 mg/dL (NGT ≥ 155) (36.4%) was higher than NGT < 155 (29.6%) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (34.8%), but lower than type 2 diabetes group (T2DM) (52.6%) (p = 0.001). The proportion of dippers was lower in NGT ≥ 155 (47%) and T2DM (34.6%), when compared with NGT < 155 (53.8%) and IGT (51.2%) (p = 0.017). From logistic regression analysis, 1-hour glucose ≥ 155 increased the risk of a pathological nocturnal drop in BP by 74%, (OR = 1.740, 95% CI = 1.254–2.415, p < 0.0001). In addition, the improvement in 1 unit of Matsuda was responsible for a 3.5% risk decrease (OR = 0.965, 95% CI = 0.958–0.971, p < 0.0001) while e-GFR determined a 0.9% risk reduction of nocturnal BP drop (OR = 0.991, 95% CI = 0.984–0.999, p = 0.020). Our data demonstrated the existence, in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients, of an association between circadian BP profile and altered glycemic response during OGTT, in particular NGT ≥ 155 subjects are associated with a non-dipper BP pattern, this is clinically relevant because may explain, at least in part, the increased CV risk in this setting of patients.