Carbonate system in the Cabo Frio upwelling

Abstract

Abstract The quantitative assessment of the carbonate system represents one of the biggest challenges defined by the United Nations in 2015 toward the "Sustainable Development Goals" (SDGs). In this sense, the present study investigated the Spatio-temporal dynamics of the carbonate system and the effects of the phenoms ENOS and ENSO over the Cabo Frio upwelling area. The physical characterization of the site was carried out through wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST) data. Water samples were collected during the oceanographic cruise onboard the Diadorim R/V (Research Vessel). From these samples, the parameters of absolute and practical salinity, density, pH, total alkalinity, carbonate, calcite, aragonite, CO32-, HCO3-, dissolved inorganic carbon, carbon dioxide, partial pressure of carbon, calcium, and total boron were obtained. After the physical-chemical survey, the same parameters were calculated through thermodynamic modeling with the Marine Chemical Analysis (AQM) software loaded with the results of the following parameters: temperature, salinity, TA, and pH parameters. This manuscript presents original data on the carbonate system and the "acidification" process influenced by the Cabo Frio upwelling, which directly depends on the El Niño and La Niña phenomena oscillations in the sea surface temperature (SST).