Application of Graphical Analysis and Principal Components in Investigating the Effect of Genotype × Trait (GT) in Maize Hybrids

Abstract

Abstract In order to investigate the effect of genotype x trait and investigate grain yield and yield components and to select the most suitable hybrid in terms of traits, 20 maize hybrids were cultivated and investigated in the form of randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications in Karaj region. The results of the analysis of variance at the probability level of 0.01 showed that the effect of genotype in terms of all traits except for the traits of days until tassel dries, peduncle outside the flag leaf, tassel length, the number of fill seeds and the depth of the seeds are significantly different. Based on the mean comparison done by Duncan's method, G3, G6, G7 and G4 genotypes were identified as favorable hybrids and G17, G20, G19 and G18 hybrids were identified as unfavorable hybrids in terms of all evaluated traits. Based on the graphic analysis done on the data, the genotypes G5, G4, G6, G3, G9 and G14 can be identified as desirable hybrids. Also, based on the genotypes grouping diagram, the hybrids were grouped into 9 groups in terms of traits. The correlation diagram between the traits also indicated that the grain yield trait has a positive correlation with tassel length, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf surface traits. Based on the principal components analysis, the traits were named into 10 components, which are respectively: components of ear characteristics, time characteristics in terms of maturity, leaf characteristics, Characteristics of maize plant 1, characteristics of maize plant 2, physiological characteristics and germination, the crown part of the ear characteristics, grain characteristics, grain yield and characteristics of the ear head.