Abstract
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that can lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increased mortality. Identifying accelerated atherosclerosis, preventing risk factor propagation, and intervening during the preclinical stage of atherogenesis is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate accelerated atherosclerosis in SLE patients and explore related factors. Methods: This study included 86 patients and 45 age- and sex–matched individuals in the control group. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid arteries (CCA) and internal carotid arteries (ICA) was measured using color Doppler ultrasound. The following laboratory parameters, were evaluated: CBC, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Cr, ESR, CRP, anti-DNA, and urine. The patients completed a questionnaire that included the Lupus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and demographic information. Results: The average IMT in both the CCA and ICA was significantly greater in patients with lupus (CCA: 0.57 ± 0.09 mm, ICA: 0.49 ± 0.11 mm) than in controls (CCA: 0.37 ± 0.06 mm, ICA: 0.27 ± 0.07 mm); (P < 0.0001). A significant and positive correlation was found between the IMT of the ICA and CCA and age, disease duration, and ESR in the SLE group. Conclusion: The IMT of the CCA and ICA can predict the risk of accelerated atherosclerosis in SLE patients; and is correlated with age, disease duration, and the ESR.