Assessment of Dietary Patterns in Celiac Disease Patients Using Factor Analysis Method and Its Relationship with Dietary Intake and Anthropometric Measurements in Iran

Abstract

Abstract Background/Objectives: Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic and autoimmune enteropathy of the gastrointestinal tract with malabsorption characteristics. The only effective treatment for CD is to strict adherence a gluten-free diet (GFD) throughout life. the objective of this study was evaluated the dietary patterns in celiac disease patients and its relationship with dietary intake and anthropometric measurements in Iran. Subjects/Methods: This is a case control study on 110 patients with celiac disease who were referred to the Celiac Association of Khuzestan, Iran. Nutritional information was collected using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The software Stata (StataCorp, Version 14.0) was used to analyze the data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to obtain patients' dietary patterns. Results There was a significant relationship between age, BMI, and total energy intake with quartiles of healthy dietary pattern score (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively). Also, there was a significant relationship between total energy intake with quartiles of unhealthy dietary pattern score and traditional dietary pattern (P < 0.001 and p = 0.005 respectively). Moreover, there was a significant association of odd ratio for celiac disease and traditional dietary pattern score. Conclusions The main findings of our study revealed that the patients who consumed healthy dietary patterns had lower odds ratio of the celiac disease incidence. Although, the rate of adhere to healthy eating pattern was related to increase BMI and daily calorie intake with rising age of participants.