Colonial Microcystis’ biomass affects its shift to attached diatom dominance under aeration mixing

Abstract

Abstract The effect of hydrodynamic mixing on controlling Microcystis blooms or changing the algal community to diatom dominance has been widely studied; however, the effects of colonial Microcystis biomass on the development of the algal community are poorly known. Here, in order to study the changes in Microcystis blooms under continuous aeration mixing, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with factors of varying biomass of Microcystis and inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment in summer. There were three chlorophyll a (Chl-a) levels in six treatments: low Chl-a level of 68.4 µg L− 1 (L, L-E), medium Chl-a level of 468.7 µg L− 1 (M, M-E), and high Chl-a level of 924.1 µg L− 1 (H, H-E). Treatments L-E, M-E and H-E were enriched with the same inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. During the experiment of 30 days, the concentration of Microcystis and Chl-a decreased, and diatom Nitzschia palea cells appeared in all the treatments, which became dominant in treatments M, M-E, H and H-E, with the highest biomass of 9.41 ± 1.96 mg L− 1 Nitzschia in treatment H-E on day 30. The rank order of the biomass of Nitzschia from low to high was (L = L-E) < (M = M-E) < H < H-E (P < 0.05). In addition, N. palea cells were aggregates attached to Microcystis colonies in all the treatments. The results showed that the initial biomass of colonial Microcystis affected the algal shift from Microcystis dominance to Nitzschia dominance. However, the enriched inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus was not so important for the algal shift. The shift from Microcystis dominance to diatom dominance under continuous aeration mixing may be caused by low light conditions as well as the nutrients. And the aerobic condition caused by aeration mixing maintained the colonial mucilaginous sheath to support the growth of Nitzschia cells in aggregation.