Protective effects of pentoxifylline against chlorine-induced acute lung injury in rats

Abstract

Abstract Objective Chlorine is a chemical threat agent that can be harmful to humans. Inhalation of high levels of chlorine can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). Currently, there is no satisfactory treatment, therefore, effective antidote is urgently needed. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative and nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is widely used for the treatment of vascular disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of PTX on chlorine-induced ALI in rats. Methods Rats were exposed to chlorine. The histopathological examination were carried out. The effect of administration of PTX was evaluated. The expression of oxidative stress, hypoxia, and autophagy markers were examined by western blotting assay. Results The histopathological examination demonstrated that chlorine could destroy the lung structure with hemorrhage, alveolar collapse, and inflammatory infiltration. ROS accumulation was significantly higher in the lung of rats suffering from inhaling chlorine. The results also showed that PTX markedly alleviated the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), oxidative stress, and hypoxia. Additionally, PTX up-regulated the level of autophagy. Conclusion PTX could ameliorate chlorine-induced lung injury, thus suggesting that PTX could serve as a potential therapeutic approach for ALI.