Omentin-1: A Potential Biomarker and therapeutic agent for Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Abstract Background Recent studies revealed that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as diabetes-related chronic disease, which increases morbidity and mortality. Diabetes-associated CKD is a complex degenerative disorder linked to oxidative stress and inflammation induced by elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). Hyperglycemia promotes the production of free radicals, leading to oxidative stress, a significant contributor to the pathogenesis and advancement of diabetes-associated CKD. Therefore, a strategic approach involves the identification and development of innovative therapeutic alternatives that precisely target the signaling pathways of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines to prevent the rapid prevalence of diabetes-associated CKD. One such adipokine that fulfills the above requirements is omentin-1. Omentin-1,313 amino acids Adipokine is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect. It is expressed primarily in visceral fat tissue and is found to enhance insulin signaling. Methods This case-control study was conducted at SRM Medial College Hospital and Research Centre, India. Study population was 60 diabetic kidney disease and 60 normal healthy subject. After the selection of the study population, the following data were collected: anthropometric measurement, serum creatinine, urea, BUN, eGFR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, VLDL-c, and HDL-c. Appropriate statistical tests were applied. Result The mean value of omentin-1 in cases was 1.0675 ± 0.416 ng/ml, which was significantly lower than controls 1.4225 ± 0.737 ng/ml (P = 0.0015*). This result justifies that omentin has a significant relationship with renal damage. The mean value of hs-CRP in cases was 12.716 ± 5.04 mg/L, which was significantly higher than controls 8.289 ± 5.36 mg/L (P = 0.000029*). This result justifies that hs-CRP has a significant relationship with renal damage. Omentin-1 was found to have a significant positive correlation with eGFR (r = 0.279**, P = 0.002); however, no significant correlation was found between omentin-1 and hs-CRP (r = -0.043, P = 0.639). This result suggests that omentin-1 is notably associated with renal damage and could serve as an independent anti-inflammatory marker for diabetes-related chronic kidney disease (CKD). Conclusion Significantly decreased omentin-1 levels in diabetes-associated CKD subjects as compared to control subjects were demonstrated in this study. Thus, omentin-1 may be considered as independent anti-inflammatory predictive marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes-associated CKD.