Socioeconomic inequalities in young adulthood disrupt the immune transcriptomic landscape via upstream regulators

Author:

Ravi Sudharshan1,Shanahan Michael J.1,Levitt Brandt2,Harris Kathleen Mullan2,Cole Steven W.3

Affiliation:

1. University of Zurich

2. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

3. University of California, Los Angeles

Abstract

Abstract Disparities in socio-economic status (SES) predict many immune system-related diseases, and previous research documents relationships between SES and the immune cell transcriptome. Drawing on a bioinformatically-informed network approach, we situate these findings in a broader molecular framework by examining the upstream regulators of SES-associated transcriptional alterations. Data come from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a nationally representative sample of 4,543 adults in the United States. Results reveal a network—of differentially-expressed genes, transcription factors, and protein neighbors of transcription factors— that shows widespread SES-related dysregulation of the immune system. Mediational models suggest that body mass index plays a key role in accounting for many of these associations. Overall, the results reveal the central role of upstream regulators in socioeconomic differences in the molecular basis of immunity, which propagate to increase risk of chronic health conditions in later-life.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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