Acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment outcomes in Kazakhstan: 10-year experience

Abstract

Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the second most common acute leukemia in adults. The global burden of ALL was evaluated and in 2017, there were 64 thousand incident cases, and more than 52 thousand died. There is lack of information on epidemiology and burden of ALL in Kazakhstan, the largest Central Asian country. In total, 210 patients with ALL were treated National Research Oncology Center, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. All consecutive patients were treated between 2010 and 2020. Diagnosis and subclassification of ALL were performed according to the immunophenotype classification of the European group for the Immunological characterization of leukemia (EGIL). We found correlation between age and gender, chemotherapy regimen and type of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with overall survival. Death rate was significantly higher in female patients.. Males had higher mortality compared to women, p = 0.014. Five-year overall survival (OS) for females was significantly lower than for males, 23.6% and 36.6%, respectively. There was significantly longer five-year overall survival in group of patients who received HSCT than those with chemotherapy alone, 46.1 month versus 29.7 month respectively. Presented data is the first available data analysis of ALL incidence and treatment outcomes in Central Asia.