Clinical predictors and correlates of viral suppression among people living with HIV accessing care at the Federal Medical Center HIV clinic in Ogun State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background Globally, Human Immune-deficiency Virus (HIV) continues to be one of the world’s most significant public health issues. At the end of 2022, 39.0 million people were living with HIV (PLHIV) worldwide with 9% resident in Nigeria. Viral suppression is associated with a reduction in HIV disease progression. However, Nigeria is yet to achieve the 95-95-95 declaration of UNAIDS 2020 to eliminate the global HIV epidemic. This study assessed the clinical predictors and correlates of viral suppression among people living with HIV accessing care at Antiretroviral Therapy clinic in Federal Medical Center Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods The study design was a facility-based retrospective cohort study that was conducted among patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at HIV clinic from May 2016 to October 22, 2021, Federal Medical Center of Abeokuta (FMCA), Ogun State Nigeria. Secondary data was exported from Microsoft Excel into Stata MP 17 for data cleaning and recoding, and analysis. Stepwise model selection was done for factors associated with viral suppression and binary logistic regression was used to investigate the predictors of viral suppression among participants at p-value < 0.05. Results Majority of the patients were females 1116(73.4%) and 241(15.9%) were aged 25–34 years. One thousand three hundred and eighty-six (90%) of the clients achieved viral suppression. Predictors of viral suppression were older age group of 25–34 years (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.19–5.78, p < 0.017) and > 45 years (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.11–5.28, p < 0.026), and active on ART (OR: 6.05, 95% CI: 4.10–8.91, p < 0.000). Conclusion Viral suppression was significant among patients who were older and ART active. Improving drug adherence is a significant factor to enhance viral suppression among PLHIV. It is important to promote clinic attendance and strengthen support groups so as to encourage drug adherence among PLHIV.