Optimizing Bioethanol (C2H5OH) Yield of Sweet Sorghum Cultivars in a Semi-Arid Environment: The Impact of Deheading and Deficit Irrigation

Abstract

Abstract The production of bioethanol offers a promising pathway to mitigate the detrimental environmental effects of ethanol consumption, such as greenhouse gas emissions and atmospheric particle release. Despite the challenges posed by water scarcity, plants have emerged as a viable energy source for biofuel production. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of three deheading times (45, 21 days before harvest, and no-deheading) and three levels of water regime on specific sweet sorghum cultivars (Honey, Willy, MN1500, and Atlas) in terms of yield traits, theoretical ethanol production, and water productivity. Findings highlight cultivation's impact on bioethanol yield. A 30–70% water deficit reduced stalk yields by 17.86–18.54% and sugar yields by 0.2–0.31 Mg ha− 1. Theoretical ethanol yield dropped by 120.9-180.9 L ha− 1. Brix and sugar content increased by 16.32–18.42% and 16.81–19.03%, respectively, in seasons one and two. Honey cultivar, with 30% water deficit and deheading at 21 days before harvest, excelled in growth and yield. These insights optimize sweet sorghum cultivation, enhancing sustainable bioethanol production. Advancing renewable energy technologies for a greener future.