Using the Health Belief Model to Assess the Impact of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Health Education Video Towards Screening Adoption in Foreign-Born Persons Living in California

Abstract

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) disproportionately affects foreign-born persons from TB-endemic countries. Previous studies demonstrated that educational interventions effectively increased knowledge, perception, and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening in at-risk people. Given the high prevalence of LTBI and active TB cases and the large proportion of foreign-born individuals with low LTBI awareness residing in California, this study sought to evaluate the impact of video-based LTBI education in this population. Methods We evaluated the impact of a 5-minute LTBI educational video on participants using Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs using a pre- and post-test design. We enrolled 84 participants during the study period. Participants identified as (54%) women and 45% men, with 54.48 mean age, and participants identified as Asian (48%), White (37%), Hispanic/Latinx (13%), and Black/African American or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (2%). Participants first completed the pre-survey, which consisted of the HBM LTBI Survey, followed by a demographic survey. Participants then watched the educational intervention video followed by the post-survey, which consisted of the HBM LTBI Survey. Results To assess the changes in HBM constructs, we ran six paired-sample t-tests and found a significant increase in perceived susceptibility, t(83) = 8.82, p < .001, perceived severity, t(83) = 2.06, p < .04, perceived benefits, t(83) = 3.33, p < .001 and behavioral intention, t(82) = 3.99, p < .001 with a significant decrease in perceived barriers, t(83) = -3.38, p < .001. To analyze the impact of the HBM constructs on behavioral intentions, we ran a multiple linear regression. Overall, the HBM accounted significantly in variance for behavioral intentions to engage in screening, F(5, 77) = 14.81, p < 0.001; with perceived susceptibility, t(81) = 2.64, p = 0.01, perceived severity t(81) = 2.69, p = 0.009, and self-efficacy t(81) = 3.05, p = 0.003 significantly predicting behavioral intentions for LTBI screening. Conclusions This project demonstrates the efficacy of health education videos in promoting awareness and screening for LTBI. The authors recommend using health educational videos in communities and healthcare facilities to create more knowledge, awareness, and engagement in LTBI screening.