Vortex-like vs. turbulent mixing of a Viscum album preparation affects crystalline structures formed in dried droplets

Abstract

The droplet evaporation method could provide a fairly inexpensive tool for testing the effects of flow in liquids as an alternative to the methods used today. production of microparticles and microbubbles. We applied turbulent mixing vs. laminar flow induced by a vortex vs. diffusion based mixing during the production of Viscum album quercus L. 10^-3 following the guidelines for manufacturing homeopathic preparations. The so obtained differently mixed variants of the preparation were analyzed by means of the droplet evaporation method. The crystalline structures formed in dried droplets were photographed and analyzed by means of a computer supported image analysis and deep-learning. Computer supported evaluation and deep-learning reveled that the patterns of turbulent succussed variant are characterized by smaller complexity, whereas those obtained from the vortex mixed sample by greater complexity vs. the diffusion-based mixed control variant.