Age, Diabetes and Nutrient Intake Influence the Risk of Obese and Non-obese Sarcopenia in Individuals aged over 40 years in Urban Bengaluru

Abstract

Abstract Background: In India, obesity has been a growing concern. The coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia can have serious health implications. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to find out the prevalence of sarcopenia in obese and non-obese individuals and identify the factors influencing sarcopenia in them. Methodology: We selected 603 adults aged between 40 to 80 years residing in urban Bengaluru. We measured their weight, height, waist circumference, calf circumference and hand grip strength. We also used short physical performance battery and 24-hour recall to study their muscle function and nutrient intake respectively. South Asian guidelines were used to diagnose sarcopenia. Findings: One-third of the participants had sarcopenia. We found 20.6% (126) and 10.2% (62) individuals with sarcopenic obesity and non-obese sarcopenia respectively. Multinominal regression analysis indicated that age, diabetes, higher energy intake increased the odds of having sarcopenia in both obese and non-obese groups (p < 0.05). Dietary protein intake was seen to offer protection against sarcopenia in both obese and non-obese groups (p < 0.05). Individuals with family history of arthritis and females increased the odds of sarcopenia in obese and non-obese individuals respectively (p < 0.05). On the other hand, dietary calcium and fat intake were protective against sarcopenia in obese and non-obese individuals respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sarcopenia was seen to be more prevalent in the obese group. Efforts need to be made to include screening for sarcopenia in regular clinical assessment. Early diagnosis along with nutritional modification may aid in prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.