Temporal Trends in the Prevalence of Hypertensive Heart Disease in Women of Childbearing Age Over 30 Years

Abstract

Abstract Aim Epidemiological research on hypertensive heart disease (HHD) in women of childbearing age (WCBA) remains scarce. Our objective is to describe the current prevalence of HHD in WCBA at global, regional, and national levels and to analyze its temporal trends from 1990 to 2019. Methods WCBA was defined as women aged 15–49 years. Estimates and 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UI) of HHD prevalence numbers for seven age groups (15–19, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, 40–44, 45–49 years) were extracted from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD). The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of HHD in WCBA was estimated using the direct age-standardization method. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the Annual Percentage Change (APC) and Average APC (AAPC) along with their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), analyzing the temporal trends from 1990 to 2019. Results In 1990 and 2019, the global ASPR of HHD in WCBA was 23.20 (95% UI: 12.72 to 38.43) and 23.67 (95% UI: 13.02 to 38.73), respectively, with high Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions generally exhibiting higher ASPRs than other regions. From 1990 to 2019, there was a significant global increase in HHD WCBA (AAPC = 0.08%, 95% CI:0.03 to 0.12; P < 0.001), with notable increases in high-middle SDI region (AAPC = 0.78%, 95%CI: 0.69 to 0.88; P < 0.001), middle SDI region (AAPC = 0.32%, 95%CI: 0.27 to 0.37; P < 0.001), low-middle SDI region (AAPC = 0.50%, 95%CI: 0.44 to 0.56; P < 0.001), and low SDI region (AAPC = 0.36%, 95%CI: 0.34 to 0.37; P < 0.001). However, HHD in high SDI regions significantly decreased (AAPC = -0.52%, 95% CI: -0.74 to -0.31; P < 0.001). The most significant changes occurred in different periods. The ASPR trends of HHD in WCBA varied greatly among 204 countries and territories. Conclusions Between 1990 and 2019, there was strong heterogeneity in the ASPR of HHD in WCBA globally and in its temporal trends (1990–2019). The ASPR decreased in high SDI regions but continuously increased in low SDI regions. These findings highlight the stark global disparities in HHD among WCBA, with significant implications for the equitable allocation of medical resources and the formulation of relevant health policies.