Affiliation:
1. Fundación Universitaria Sanitas
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To assess the effectiveness of non-immersive virtual reality as a pain-distraction measure in children between the ages of 3–5 years undergoing painful injection procedures in an outpatient setting.
Design
We carried out a randomized, unmasked clinical trial in children undergoing venipuncture or intramuscular injection procedures. Patients were randomized to a distraction virtual reality video or standard care. After the procedure, three independent observers (parents, researchers, nursing staff) rated pain on the LLANTO pain scale.
Results
We recruited 122 subjects, half of which were randomized to virtual reality. The median age was of approximately 5 years and the sample was balanced with regards to sex. Agreement between raters was high for all three types of observers, with Cohen Kappas over 0.79 in all cases. Bivariate analysis showed reductions in the risk of obtaining higher scores in the LLANTO scale. Linear regression models showed a reduction of approximately 3 points in the scale, regardless of the type of observer. These models were adjusted for sex, age, kind of procedure, use of prior analgesia, and recruitment center.
Conclusions
Non-immersive virtual reality is an effective adjunctive therapy for the reduction of pain in children undergoing painful injection procedures in an outpatient setting. This strategy may be used to improve the quality of care in pediatric outpatient services.
Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03985930
Publisher
Research Square Platform LLC
Cited by
1 articles.
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