Botanical insecticides and extracts and their lethal and sublethal effects on Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Abstract

Abstract Knowledge of the action of chemical and botanical insecticides on pests and natural enemies is essential for improving integrated management programs of fruit flies. The aimed evaluate the toxic and sublethal effects of botanical insecticides and extracts on Anastrepha obliqua and Diachasmimorpha. longicaudata. Botanical extracts and insecticides were applied to fruit flies or parasitoids, using a methanol extract of leaves of Aspidosperma spruceanum (MLAS), ethanol extract of bark of Metrodorea maracasana (EBMM), hexane extract of leaves of Conchocarpus mastigophorus (HLCM), ethanol extract of leaves of C. mastigophorus (ELCM), ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Xylopia sericea (ALXS), and oil of seeds of Aleurites moluccana (OSAM) in single concentration of 70 mg mL− 1, in addition to the insecticides Azamax® (5 mL L− 1) and Natuneem® (10 mL L− 1). Extract EBMM and the two insecticides were used for the lethal effect on the A. obliqua and parasitoid, and extract ELCM only in parasitoid. The extract EBMM was also evaluated on A. obliqua at concentrations of 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 mg mL− 1. Sublethal effects was carried out with commercial products based on neem and water in adults A. obliqua. Azamax® and the extracts EBMM, ELCM, and HLCM were toxic to A. obliqua. Natuneem® and the extracts ELCM and EBMM were harmless to adults of the D. longicaudata. Azamax® was considered slightly harmful to the parasitoid. The extract EBMM was harmless to adults or larvae and moderately harmful in the double application. Extract EBMM has the potential for bioprospecting, aiming at tephritid management.