Enhancing the adoption of water-saving technologies in India’s Agriculture: The determinants across four states of India

Abstract

Abstract India's food security is facing increasing threats from climate change, urbanization, affluence, and population growth. The nation grapples with low water use efficiencies, estimated at 25% to 35%, largely due to inadequate adoption of water-saving micro-irrigation (MI) technology. Recognizing the critical state of food security, this research delves into the barriers hindering the adoption of MI technology to address these challenges. The study employs a comprehensive conceptual framework for technology adoption, considering agronomic and agro-economic factors, effective demand, and aggregate supply constraints faced by farmers. Analyzing data from 501 adopters and non-adopters in four states, the research uses binomial and multiple regression analyses, along with assessing perception responses to identify key challenges in adoption. Among the findings, institutional support emerges as a crucial factor influencing technology adoption. Elements such as subsidy delivery, information dissemination, credit availability, and altering perceptions about water abundance significantly impact adoption rates. Wildlife damage to micro-irrigation systems is identified as a major threat, emphasizing the need for interventions to address this issue. The study underscores the importance of government interventions targeting these factors to encourage adoption rates, highlighting the potential for strategic measures such as a special purpose vehicle model for institutional support. Improving access to subsidies, information dissemination, and altering perceptions about water availability are identified as key strategies not only benefiting farmers but also contributing to national water conservation efforts and long-term food security.